America was always viewed as the ‘City on the Hill’, a beacon of freedom and democracy. People from around the world looked to it and aspired one day to call it their home, become a citizen, and raise their families there.
Pathway to citizenship is termed ‘naturalization’, a process that is ……… natural. It was the pathway my parents and I once traveled on.
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Rachela, David, and Josef |
But the day I officially became a citizen, not only as the minor child of naturalized parents, was anything but a natural day.
How come? Here’s the story of events leading up to that day.
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Rachela Bunis along with an older sister, and Josef Grünfeld along with a younger brother were the only survivors of the Holocaust/Shoah from their families. Before the war, they lived in different parts of Poland, but afterward, as with other Jewish survivors whose families and homes were decimated, they were gathered by the Bricha* from all over Europe and resettled in various Displaced Persons (DP) camps. Once relocated, the survivors’ goal was to move on and find new homes in Palestine or other parts of the world ready, for the most part, to accept Jewish refugees.
Rachela and Josef met in one of those DP camps in Austria. They fell in love, married and gave birth to me. From Day One in camp they also turned their energies into finding a new home. Initially their sights were on Palestine to be part of the movement to re-establish a Jewish homeland after 2,000 years of dispersion. The British, who held the mandate for Palestine had other ideas. The Brits didn’t want more Jews to emigrate there and create turmoil for them with the local Arab population. Despite several attempts, the Bricha was unsuccessful in its underground smuggling operations to get us into Palestine. But all the while my father was writing to relatives who had previously settled in the US. Could they help bring us to the States?
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Josef at the typewriter, younger brother Mendus in the back |
His aunt Tova, who came to America as a young woman, was now married and established in the Midwood section of Brooklyn.
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Tova and Israel |
She and her husband Israel eventually provided the necessary sponsorship for our family. So, after four years living in the DP camp, and with all necessary prerequisites in place, we left Austria in February, 1949 for the voyage to New York City.
Now the mission was to become US citizens. Back then the process was relatively straightforward - after a period of five years, pass a citizenship exam and demonstrate the ability to support yourself. Both parents, now with Americanized names, Rachele and Joseph (Joe) Greenfield, went to night school to learn their new language and my dad secured a stable job as a pattern man* at the Werman & Sons Brooklyn shoe factory. When they earned their citizenship, as their minor child I automatically became a citizen. For me it was easy and ….. natural.
Now let’s fast forward to the 1960’s.
Soon I would be leaving home for college. My folks felt I should have my own set of citizenship papers. In order to do so, very early one designated morning I had to appear before a magistrate in a courtroom at the Town of Hempstead’s municipal building. Upon taking an oath of allegiance to the US, and answering a few questions, my own papers would be issued.
On the designated day in court I got up really early, much earlier than I usually did on school days, and went to Hempstead. I don’t remember much about the proceeding but I can remember it wasn’t as challenging as getting up so early! You know how teenagers like to sleep in. When I got home I headed straight to bed for a much needed nap.
The date was November 22, 1963.
What’s going on?
There was breaking news I had to hear - President John F. Kennedy, JFK, the youngest man ever to become a US president, with a beautiful wife and young children, Caroline and John, Jr., had just been shot while motorcading in Dallas, Texas! By 1:00 PM, he was declared dead - gone. The entire nation, and the world, was in shock. Sadly, that brutal act turned out to be just an opening salvo of the 1960s turbulent decade.
November 22, 1963 - I may not remember much about my early morning steps along the pathway to citizenship at the municipal building, but I will never forget what happened in Dallas on that day.
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Bricha - Postwar, clandestine movement that helped Jews emigrate from eastern Europe to Palestine.
Pattern Man - Translates a fashion idea into a practical, beautiful, well fitting shoe. He is at once an artist, a fashion expert, an engineer, and a production man. The pattern man develops the patterns for all sizes and widths. Those patterns are then used to create dies to cut the leather pieces to manufacture the shoe. The pattern man is the ultimate Shoe Man.